Knee replacement surgery, also known as knee arthroplasty, is a procedure performed to relieve pain and improve function in individuals suffering from knee joint problems, such as arthritis or injury. This surgery involves replacing a damaged or worn-out knee joint with an artificial implant. While it is typically reserved for patients with severe knee pain or dysfunction that doesn’t respond to non-surgical treatments, knee replacement can dramatically improve a person’s quality of life.

When is Knee Replacement Necessary?

The knee joint is a hinge that allows movement between the thigh bone (femur) and the shin bone (tibia), with the kneecap (patella) sitting in front. Over time, due to aging, overuse, injury, or conditions like osteoarthritis, the cartilage that cushions the joint can wear away, leading to pain, stiffness, swelling, and limited mobility.

Knee replacement surgery is usually considered when conservative treatments—such as physical therapy, medications, or injections—fail to alleviate the symptoms. If the pain becomes debilitating and affects daily activities, such as walking, climbing stairs, or getting in and out of chairs, surgery may be the best option.

Types of Knee Replacement Surgery

There are several types of knee replacement surgery, depending on the severity of the joint damage and the patient’s unique needs:

Total Knee Replacement (TKR): This is the most common type of knee replacement. The surgeon removes the damaged cartilage and bone from the knee joint and replaces it with metal and plastic components that replicate the natural knee joint. TKR is typically recommended for patients with widespread arthritis or joint degeneration.

Partial Knee Replacement (PKR): If only one part of the knee joint is affected, a partial knee replacement may be considered. This procedure involves replacing only the damaged portion of the knee while leaving the healthy tissue intact. PKR can offer quicker recovery times and less post-surgical pain, but not all patients are candidates for this less invasive option.

Kneecap Replacement: In cases where the knee’s kneecap (patella) is the primary source of pain, the surgeon may opt for a patellofemoral replacement. This procedure focuses on replacing only the underside of the kneecap and the surface of the femur that makes contact with it.

The Procedure

Knee replacement surgery is typically performed under general or spinal anesthesia, meaning the patient will either be asleep or numb from the waist down. The surgeon makes an incision along the knee to access the joint, removes the damaged cartilage and bone, and replaces them with an artificial implant made from metal, plastic, or ceramic materials.

The entire process generally takes around 1-2 hours, depending on the complexity of the case.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

After knee replacement surgery, patients will typically spend several days in the hospital for monitoring and initial recovery. Physical therapy is an essential part of the rehabilitation process and begins soon after the surgery to help restore strength and range of motion to the knee.

The recovery timeline varies from person to person but typically involves several months of physical therapy and gradual improvement. Most patients are able to walk with the aid of crutches or a walker within a few days after surgery, and many are able to return to normal activities after 3-6 months. It is crucial to follow the surgeon’s post-operative care instructions to ensure the best possible outcome.

Risks and Benefits

As with any surgery, knee replacement comes with risks, including infection, blood clots, and complications related to anesthesia. However, the benefits often outweigh these risks, especially for patients suffering from chronic knee pain and mobility issues. Knee replacement can dramatically improve pain levels, restore function, and enhance quality of life.

Conclusion

Knee replacement surgery can provide lasting relief for individuals struggling with severe knee pain and dysfunction. While the decision to undergo surgery should always be made in consultation with a healthcare provider, it is often a life-changing procedure that allows patients to regain mobility and improve their overall well-being. With advancements in surgical techniques and rehabilitation, knee replacement has become a safe and effective option for many patients.

If you’re considering knee replacement surgery and are looking for expert care, Dr. Siddharth Bhandari, one of the best orthopedic surgeon in Gangadham, can guide you through the process. With his extensive experience in knee surgeries and a commitment to patient-centered care, Dr. Bhandari ensures that each patient receives the most effective treatment tailored to their needs. Consult with Dr. Bhandari for personalized advice and the best possible outcomes for your knee health.